African
Masks
The
Function of an African Mask
In
the early 20th Century, artists like Pablo
Picasso and Andre
Derain were inspired by the bold abstract designs that they
discovered in African tribal masks. They collected and used these
works of art to influence their own style. In effect, they used
African culture to refresh the tired tradition of figure painting
in European art. As a result, we now tend to admire the bold design
and abstract patterns of African masks through European eyes. We
appreciate them as exhibits on museum walls, cut off from their
original meaning and magical power. However, this is not how they
were designed to be viewed.
African
masks should be seen as part of a ceremonial costume. They are used
in religious and social events to represent the spirits of ancestors
or to control the good and evil forces in the community. They come
to life, possessed by their spirit in the performance of the dance,
and are enhanced by both the music and atmosphere of the occasion.
Some combine human and animal features to unite man with his natural
environment. This bond with nature is of great importance to the
African and through the ages masks have always been used to express
this relationship.
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